Stainless steel non-standard fasteners

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Stainless steel, also known as inox in French "inoxydable", is a steel alloy with a minimum chromium content of 10.5%.
Stainless steel fasteners do not corrode, rust or stain as easily as regular steel in clean water environments, but despite the name, they will not stain or rust; especially in low oxygen, high salinity, chemical or poor circulation conditions environment.
Stainless steel fasteners are available in different grades and surface treatments to suit the environment the alloy must withstand.
Use stainless steel fasteners where the properties and corrosion resistance of steel are required.
 Stainless steel fasteners differ from carbon steel in the amount of chromium present.
Unprotected carbon steel fasteners are prone to rusting when exposed to air and moisture. This iron oxide film rusts and accelerates corrosion by forming more iron oxide, and since the iron oxide is larger in size, this tends to flake and fall off.
Stainless steel fasteners contain enough chromium to form a passivating surface film of chromium oxide, which prevents further surface corrosion by preventing oxygen from entering the steel surface and preventing corrosion from spreading into the internal structure of the stainless steel. Because the steel and oxide ions are similar in size, they bond very strongly and remain attached to the surface. If the proportion of chromium is high enough and oxygen is present, only the outer layer (passivated bonding) occurs.
Special stainless steel fasteners
  Model AISI 303 S21 (Form EN58AM) (austenitic - non-magnetic)
 Free processing quality (contains sulfur). Good corrosion resistance and solderability are fair game, but oxyacetylene is generally not recommended. Can be cold formed, but severe sharp corner bending should be avoided.
  Model AISI 304 S15 (Form.EN58E) (austenitic - non-magnetic)
 General stainless steel, with average processability, good general corrosion resistance, and good weldability. (Use of oxyacetylene is generally not recommended). Cold forming is very good; also has good polishing quality. It is non-magnetic when annealed and slightly magnetic when cold worked.
  Model AISI 316 S16 (Form.EN58J) (austenitic - non-magnetic)
 High corrosion resistance, especially salt water and acid. Fair workability. Good weldability. Cold forming is good. It is non-magnetic when annealed and slightly magnetic when cold worked.
  Model AISI 321 S20 (Table.EN58B) (austenitic - non-magnetic)
 Good corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance. The weldability is very good and the workability is fair. Cold forming is good. It is non-magnetic when annealed and slightly magnetic when cold worked.
Martin Steel Fasteners
These steels, which typically contain 13% chromium, have the lowest general corrosion resistance and can therefore be used where corrosion conditions are relatively mild. A typical example is tableware.
 ferritic steel fasteners
The most common ferritic steel is 430S17 containing 17% chromium, which improves the corrosion resistance of martensitic steels. Although it does not meet the standards of austenitic steel, it can be used for car decoration, as well as household decorative accessories on refrigerators and gas stoves.
Austenitic steel fasteners
 A group of steels that is by far the most important and therefore the most widely used. 18/8, A2 steel resists corrosion in a variety of environments and is commonly used in the food, dairy, brewery and other processing industries, as well as in some chemical plants.
Molybdenum alloy fasteners
Molybdenum can be added to 18/8 and A2 types of stainless steel to provide higher corrosion resistance. Type 316 steel fasteners containing 2.0% to 3.0% molybdenum are mainly used in the chemical and petrochemical industries, which contain the corrosion-resistant medium chlorine. Chemicals are required. It should be noted that even these steels are not immune to various chemical attacks by reducing solutions such as hydrochloric acid or oxalic acid, especially when these acids are hot or highly concentrated.
 The basic austenitic composition is the familiar 18% chromium and 8% nickel alloy. Chromium and nickel can be added to further improve corrosion resistance, and additional elements such as molybdenum can be added to enhance this property.
Austenitic steel is non-magnetic and cannot be hardened by heat treatment. The only way to harden these steels is by cold forming or deformation when strain hardening occurs rapidly. By annealing, the steel can be returned to its fully softened state.